Method of operating a surgical microscope and surgical microscope

ABSTRACT

A method of operating a surgical microscope includes detecting an amount of movement of a body portion of a user, and performing movements of a camera and changes in a magnification based on the detected movements of the body portion. The amounts of these movements and changes decrease with increasing magnification provided by the surgical microscope, they decrease with decreasing distance of the body portion of the user from the display, and they decrease with decreasing distance of the cameras from the field of view of the cameras.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/732,126 filed on Dec. 31, 2019 which relates to U.S. patentapplication Ser. Nos. 16/732,162, 16/732,195, and 16/732,218, filed onDec. 31, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to surgical microscopes and methods ofoperating such surgical microscopes.

BACKGROUND

A conventional surgical microscope includes a microscope body includingmicroscopy optics having two oculars. The microscope body is carried bya support having an articulating structure such that the microscopyoptics can be positioned and repositioned relative to an object bytranslatory and rotatory movements. These movements are initiated by theuser looking into the oculars by applying a force to the microscope bodyusing his hands, for example. Such surgical microscopes require the userto permanently look into the oculars which is fatiguing and may createpain, for example, in the neck of the user. Moreover, the user requiringhis hands for repositioning the microscope must lay aside the currentlyused surgical tool to the effect that the flow of the surgery isinterrupted.

Newer surgical microscopes include a camera for recording images of theobject under surgery, and a display for displaying the recorded imagesto the user of the microscope. The user can perform the surgery assuminga convenient position of the head and watch the images on the displaysince looking into oculars is no longer required. Moreover, the supportof these microscopes may include actuators for positioning thearticulated joints of the support such that the camera is positionedwith a desired orientation at a desired location in space. The desiredlocation and orientation can be inputted into the surgical microscope byvarious means. For example, WO 2015/151447 A1 describes a surgicalmicroscope in which the direction of gaze of the user and movements ofthe head of the user are detected to determine new positions of thecamera. The actuators of the support are then operated to reposition thecamera according to the detected direction of gaze and head movements.

The technologies described above offer significant advantages over theconventional surgical microscope having oculars. Still, it has beenfound that the process of positioning the camera could be improved.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure has been achieved by taking the aboveconsiderations into account, and it is an object of the presentdisclosure to provide a surgical microscope and a method of operatingsuch surgical microscope thereby improving the user experience inoperations involving a repositioning of the camera.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a surgical microscopeincludes at least one camera having a field of view, a support for theat least one camera, wherein the support includes at least one actuatorfor positioning the at least one camera relative to an object, and adisplay configured to display images recorded by the at least onecamera.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating thesurgical microscope includes detecting an amount of a movement of a bodyportion of a user, determining an amount of movement of the camera basedon the detected movement of the body portion of the user, and moving thecamera by the determined amount of movement.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determined amount ofmovement of the camera includes an amount of translatory movement in adirection transverse to a line connecting the camera and the field ofview. The amount of translatory movement of the camera is determined independence of the detected amount of movement of the body portion of theuser in a direction parallel to the display. The dependency between thedetermined amount of translatory movement of the camera and the detectedamount of movement of the body portion of the user in the directionparallel to the display depends on a magnification of an image of anobject within the field of view of the camera displayed on the display,a distance of the body portion of the user from the display, a distanceof the camera from the field of view of the camera, and the detectedamount of movement of the body portion of the user in the directionparallel to the display.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the dependency between thedetermined amount of translatory movement of the camera and the detectedamount of movement of the body portion of the user in the directionparallel to the display is configured such that the determined amount ofthe translatory movement of the camera decreases when the magnificationof the image of the object within the field of view of the cameradisplayed on the display increases.

According to a further aspect of the disclosure, the dependency betweenthe determined amount of the translatory movement of the camera and thedetected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection parallel to the display is configured such that the determinedamount of the translator movement of the camera decreases when thedistance of the body portion of the user from the display decreases.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, the dependency betweenthe determined amount of translatory movement of the camera and thedetected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection parallel to the display is configured such that the determinedamount of the translatory movement of the camera decreases when thedistance of the camera from the field of view of the camera decreases.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determining of the amountof movement of the camera is performed such that:

(1) the determined amount of translatory movement of the camera is afirst determined amount when

a magnification of an image of an object within the field of view of thecamera displayed on the display is a first magnification,

a distance of the body portion of the user from the display is a firstbody portion distance,

a distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is a firstcamera distance, and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in adirection parallel to the display is a given detected amount;

(2) the determined amount of translatory movement of the camera is asecond determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is a second magnification largerthan the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst head distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is thefirst camera distance, and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection parallel to the display is the given detected amount;

(3) the determined amount of translatory movement of the camera is athird determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is asecond body portion distance which is smaller than the first bodyportion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is thefirst camera distance, and the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user in the direction parallel to

the display is the given detected amount; and

(4) the determined amount of translatory movement of the camera is afourth determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is asecond camera distance which is smaller than the first camera distance,and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection parallel to the display is the given detected amount.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, the moving of the cameraby the determined amount of movement includes to maintain an orientationof the at least one camera constant while the camera is moved by thedetermined amount of translatory movement.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determined amount ofmovement of the camera includes an amount of rotatory movement of thecamera. The amount of rotatory movement of the camera is determined independence of the detected amount of rotatory movement of the bodyportion of the user. The dependency between the determined amount ofrotatory movement of the camera and the detected amount of rotatorymovement of the body portion of the user depends on the magnification ofthe image of an object within the field of view of the camera displayedon the display, the distance of the body portion of the user from thedisplay, the distance of the camera from the field of view of thecamera, and the detected amount of the rotatory movement of the bodyportion of the user.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the dependency between thedetermined amount of rotatory movement of the camera and the detectedamount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the user isconfigured such that the determined amount of the rotatory movement ofthe camera decreases when the magnification of the image of the objectwithin the field of view of the camera displayed on the displayincreases.

According to a further aspect of the disclosure, the dependency betweenthe determined amount of rotatory movement of the camera and thedetected amount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the user isconfigured such that the determined amount of the rotatory movement ofthe camera decreases when the distance of the body portion of the userfrom the display decreases.

According to a further aspect of the disclosure, the dependency betweenthe determined amount of rotatory movement of the camera and thedetected amount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the user isconfigured such that the determined amount of the rotatory movement ofthe camera decreases when the distance of the camera from the field ofview of the camera decreases.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determining of the amountof movement of the camera is performed such that:

(1) the determined amount of rotatory movement of the camera is a firstdetermined amount when

a magnification of an image of an object within the field of view of thecamera displayed on the display is a first magnification,

a distance of the body portion of the user from the display is a firstbody portion distance,

a distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is a firstcamera distance, and

the detected amount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the useris a given detected amount;

(2) the determined amount of rotatory movement of the camera is a seconddetermined amount which is smaller than the first determined amount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is a second magnification largerthan the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst head distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is thefirst camera distance, and

the detected amount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the useris the given detected amount;

(3) the determined amount of rotatory movement of the camera is a thirddetermined amount which is smaller than the first determined amount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is asecond body portion distance which is smaller than the first bodyportion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is thefirst camera distance, and

the detected amount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the useris the given detected amount; and

(4) the determined amount of rotatory movement of the camera is a fourthdetermined amount which is smaller than the first determined amount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is asecond camera distance which is smaller than the first camera distance,and

the detected amount of rotatory movement of the body portion of the useris the given detected amount.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determined amount ofmovement of the camera includes an amount of rotatory movement of thecamera, wherein the determining of the amount of movement of the camerais further performed such that a portion of an object located within thefield of view of the camera before the moving of the camera by thedetermined amount of movement is also located within the field of viewof the camera when the moving of the camera by the determined amount ofmovement is completed. This may result in a change of the direction ofview of the camera without changing of the location of the objectlocated at the center of the field of view of the camera, for example.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the method includes detectingof a start command, wherein the moving of the camera by the determinedamount of movement is performed only after the start command has beendetected.

Moreover, according to further aspect of the disclosure, the methodfurther includes detecting of a stop command, wherein the moving of thecamera is performed only until the stop command has been detected.

According to a further aspect of the disclosure, a method of operatingthe surgical microscope includes detecting an amount of a movement of abody portion of a user, determining an amount of change of the imagemagnification based on the detected movement of the body portion of theuser; and changing the image magnification by the determined amount ofchange of the image magnification.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the amount of change of theimage magnification is determined in dependence of the detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user in a direction perpendicularto the display.

The dependency between the determined amount of change of the imagemagnification and the detected amount of movement of the body portion ofthe user in the direction perpendicular to the display depends on amagnification of an image of an object within the field of view of thecamera displayed on the display, a distance of the body portion of theuser from the display, a distance of the camera from the field of viewof the camera, and the detected amount of movement of the body portionof the user in the direction perpendicular to the display.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the dependency between thedetermined amount of change of the image magnification and the detectedamount of movement of the body portion of the user in the directionperpendicular to the display is configured such that the determinedamount of change of the image magnification decreases when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of thecamera displayed on the display increases.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, the dependency betweenthe determined amount of change of the image magnification and thedetected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display is configured such that thedetermined amount of change of the image magnification decreases whenthe distance of the body portion of the user from the display decreases.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the dependency between thedetermined amount of change of the image magnification and the detectedamount of movement of the body portion of the user in the directionperpendicular to the display is configured such that the determinedamount of change of the image magnification decreases when the distanceof the camera from the field of view of the camera decreases.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determining of the amountof change of the image magnification is performed such that:

(1) the determined amount of change of the image magnification is afirst determined amount when

a magnification of an image of an object within the field of view of thecamera displayed on the display is a first magnification,

a distance of the body portion of the user from the display is a firstbody portion distance,

a distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is a firstcamera distance, and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in adirection perpendicular to the display is a given detected amount;

(2) the determined amount of change of the image magnification is asecond determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is a second magnification largerthan the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is thefirst camera distance, and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display is the given detected amount;

(3) the determined amount of change of the image magnification is athird determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is asecond body portion distance which is smaller than the first bodyportion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is thefirst camera distance, and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display is the given detected amount; and

(4) the determined amount of change of the image magnification is afourth determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when

the magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,

the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance,

the distance of the camera from the field of view of the camera is asecond camera distance which is smaller than the first camera distance,and

the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display is the given detected amount.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determined amount ofchange of the image magnification is an increase of the imagemagnification, and the movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display includes a movement of the bodyportion of the user towards the display.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the determined amount ofchange of the image magnification is a decrease of the imagemagnification, and the movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display includes a movement of the bodyportion of the user away from the display.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, the amount of change ofthe image magnification is an increase of the image magnification, andthe changing of the image magnification includes at least one of movingthe camera towards the object and increasing a magnification of the zoomlens of the camera.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the amount of change of theimage magnification is a decrease of the image magnification, and thechanging of the image magnification includes at least one of moving thecamera away from the object and decreasing a magnification of the zoomlens of the camera.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, the method furtherincludes detecting of a start command, and the changing of the imagemagnification by the determined amount of change of the imagemagnification is performed only after the start command has beendetected.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the method further includesdetecting of a stop command, and the changing of the image magnificationby the determined amount of change of the image magnification isperformed only until the stop command has been detected.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the start command includes atleast one of a voice command issued by the user, an operation of abutton performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the stop command includes atleast one of a voice command issued by the user, an operation of abutton performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the body portion of the userincludes at least one of a head of the user, a chest of the user and ashoulder of the user.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the camera is a stereo cameraconfigured to record a pair of stereo images. For example, the at leastone camera may comprise two cameras for this purpose.

According to an aspect of the disclosure, the display is configured todisplay stereoscopic images. According to another aspect of thedisclosure, the display is a head-mounted display which can be carriedby the user of the surgical microscope. According to yet another aspectof the disclosure, the display includes a screen displaying the imagesobtained by processing the pair of stereo images, and a pair of glasseswearable by a user and allowing the user to see the displayed imagesobtained by processing left images of the pairs of stereo images withthe left eye and to see the displayed images obtained by processing theright images of the pairs of stereo images with the right eye.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, the surgical microscopeincludes a controller configured to perform the methods illustratedabove.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawingswherein:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a surgical microscope;

FIG. 2 shows a translatory movement of the cameras of the surgicalmicroscope shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a rotatory movement of the cameras of the surgicalmicroscope of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4 shows a change of magnification of the surgical microscope ofFIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The forgoing as well as other advantageous features of the disclosurewill be more apparent from the following detailed description ofexemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It isnoted that not all possible embodiments necessarily exhibit each andevery, or any, of the advantages identified herein.

In the exemplary embodiments described below, components that are alikein function and structure are designated as far as possible by alikereference numerals. Therefore, to understand the features of theindividual components of a specific exemplary embodiment, thedescriptions of other exemplary embodiments and of the summary of thedisclosure should be referred to.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a surgical microscope 1. Thesurgical microscope 1 includes a microscope body 3, a housing,microscopy optics 5 including a magnifying zoom lens 7 and two cameras9. The cameras 9 record images of a field of view of the cameras 9 in afocal plane 11. The optics 5 is configured to adjust a distance of thefocal plane 11 from the microscope body by operating an actuator (notshown in FIG. 1) controlled by a controller 13 of the surgicalmicroscope 1. Images of the field of view of the cameras 9 recorded bythe cameras 9 are transmitted to the controller 13. The magnification ofan object located in the field of view in the images recorded by thecameras 9 can be adjusted by the controller by operating an actuator 15of the zoom lens 7.

The microscope body 3 is carried by a support 17 including a base 19placed on a floor of an operation room, and plural members 21 connectedby joints including actuators 23 controlled by the controller 13 inorder to position the microscope body 3 within an accessible region ofthe operation room. The support 17 is configured to be controlled by thecontroller 13 such that the microscope body 3 performs both translatorymovements in three independent directions and rotatory movements aboutthree independent axes. Specifically, the actuators 23 of the supportcan be operated to position the cameras 9 such that the field of view ofthe cameras coincides with a surgical area 31 were a user 33 of thesurgical microscope 1 performs a surgery with surgical tools 35 held byhis hands 37. For this purpose, the user watches the surgical area 31 bylooking at a display showing images transmitted from the controller 13.The images displayed on the display can be images obtained by processingthe images recorded by the cameras 9. The processing of the images mayinclude any image processing operation, such as cropping, rotating,contrast enhancement, color correction, and direct display of therecorded images without substantial changes to the image data.

The display can be, for example a flat panel display 39 which can bemounted on the support 17, or a head-mounted display 41 carried by theuser 33.

The images recorded by the two cameras 9 are pairs of stereo imagesshowing the surgical area from different angles. The pairs of stereoimages can be watched by the user using the head-mounted display 41 sothat the user 33 perceives a three-dimensional impression of thesurgical area. Similarly, also the flat panel display 39 can beconfigured to display stereo images, wherein the user 33 will wearsuitable glasses selecting the displayed images transmitted to the leftand right eyes of the user. For example, the flat panel display 39 mayalternatingly display the images for the left and right eyes while theglasses are active shutter glasses alternatingly transmitting light tothe left and right eyes of the user 33. Moreover, the flat panel display39 may display the images for the left and right eye of the usersimultaneously using different polarization states of pixels of thescreen, wherein the user 33 carries corresponding polarizing glasses.

The surgical microscope 1 further includes a sensor 45 allowing thecontroller to determine a position and orientation of a body portion,such as a head 47 of the user 33, relative to the microscope body 3,relative to the field of view 11 of the cameras 9 or relative to someother suitable position within the operation room. The sensor 45 can bemounted at any suitable position, such as an element of the support 17,on the display, 39 and 41. Moreover, the sensor may include pluralsensor elements arranged at plural distributed locations.

The surgical microscope 1 further includes a sensor 49 allowing thecontroller 13 to determine a direction of gaze of the user 33.Specifically, the controller 13 may determine a position within theimages displayed on the display 39 and 41 at which the eyes of the userare directed. Also, the sensor 49 can be mounted at any suitableposition, such as an element of the support 17, on the display, 39 and41. Moreover, the sensor may include plural sensor elements arranged atplural distributed locations.

The surgical microscope 1 further includes a sensor 51 allowing thecontroller 13 to receive commands issued by the user 33. For example,the sensor 51 may include a switch operated by the user 33 to enter astart command and a stop command. Moreover, the sensor 51 may include amicrophone allowing the controller 13 to detect voice commands, such as“start” and “stop”.

FIG. 2 illustrates a translatory movement of the cameras included in themicroscope body 3. Subsequent to a start command, the user performs atranslatory movement of the head 47. The amount of translatory movementof the head of the user determines the amount of translatory movement ofthe cameras. A main axis 101 of the cameras 9 is arranged such that acircular object 103 is arranged at the center of the field of view 11 ofthe cameras 9. An image of the field of view 11 is recorded by thecameras 3 and displayed on the display 39. The display 39 is locatedwithin the users view as indicated by a cone 105, and the user gazes atthe center of the image of the object 103 as indicated by an arrow 107.

A reference position of the microscope body 3 is indicated at 111. Thisreference position 111 can be used to determine a distance between thecameras 9 and the field of view 11 of the cameras 9.

A reference position of the head 47 of the user 33 is indicated at 113.The reference position 113 can be used to determine a distance betweenthe head 47 or eyes of the user and the display 39.

The user 33 may initiate a process of positioning the cameras 3 relativeto the object 103 by issuing a predefined start command recognized bythe surgical microscope. Upon receipt of the start command, the surgicalmicroscope tracks the position of the head 47 of the user and determinesan amount of movement of the head of the user 47 until a stop command isdetected. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the detected movement of thehead 47 is a translatory movement parallel to the display 39 asindicated by an arrow 114 in FIG. 2. The surgical microscope determinesan amount of movement of the camera based on the detected amount ofmovement of the head of the user, and the cameras 3 are moved by thedetermined amount of movement. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.2, the resulting movement of the camera is a translatory movement asindicated by an arrow 115 in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 illustrates a rotatory movement of the cameras included in themicroscope body 3. Subsequent to a start command, the user performs arotatory movement of the head 47. The amount of rotatory movement of thehead of the user determines the amount of rotatory movement of thecameras.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the detected movement ofthe head 47 is a rotatory movement as indicated by an arrow 123 in FIG.3. The surgical microscope determines an amount of rotary movement ofthe cameras based on the detected amount of movement of the head of theuser, and the cameras 3 are rotated by the determined amount ofmovement. In addition, the cameras are translated by an amount such thatthe main axis 101 of the cameras is rotated about a center 125 locatedbetween the cameras 9 and the field of view 11 of the cameras 9. Thecombination of the translatory and rotatory movement result in acombined movement resembling a rotation of the cameras about the center125.

FIG. 4 illustrates a change of the image magnification provided by thesurgical microscope. The image magnification can be defined as a ratiobetween a diameter of the image of the object 103 on the display 39divided by a diameter of the object itself. The image magnification canbe increased by moving the cameras closer to the object, by operatingthe zoom lens of the camera to zoom in, or by processing the imagerecorded by the cameras such that the processed image displayed on thedisplay 39 and 41 in enlarged.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the detected movement ofthe head 47 is a translatory movement perpendicular to the display 39 asindicated by an arrow 131 in FIG. 4. The surgical microscope determinesan amount of the change of the magnification of the microscope based onthe detected amount of movement of the head of the user. In theexemplary embodiment shown FIG. 4, it is assumed that the user has movedhis head towards the display 39, and that this movement results in anincrease of the magnification provided by the surgical microscope. It isapparent from FIG. 4 that the object 103 displayed on the display 39 hasa larger diameter than in FIGS. 2 and 3. Similarly, a movement of thehead 47 away from the display 39 will result in a reduction of themagnification provided by the surgical microscope.

The amounts of changes of the microscopy optics illustrated withreference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 above, i.e., the translatory movementshown in FIG. 2, the rotary movement shown in FIG. 3, and the change ofmagnification shown in FIG. 4 depending on the amounts of the detectedmovements of the head of the user. Herein, the dependency between thedetected movements of the head and the resulting change of themicroscopy optics is not constant for all situations. Instead, thisdependency depends on the magnification of the image of the objectwithin the field of view of the camera displayed on the display, thedistance of the body portion of the user from the display, and thedistance of the camera from the field of view of the camera.

Specifically, these amounts of changes decrease with increasingmagnification provided by the surgical microscope, they decrease withdecreasing distances of the body portion of the user from the display,and they decrease with decreasing distance of the cameras from the fieldof view of the cameras.

In the exemplary embodiments illustrated above, the user can control thelocation and orientation of the camera and the magnification provided bythe surgical microscope by performing movements of the head or someother body portion. Herein, it is possible to define common start andstop commands for all three operations, or to define separate startand/or stop commands of the individual operations.

While the disclosure has been described with respect to certainexemplary embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives,modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in theart. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure set forthherein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting in any way.Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present disclosure as defined in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of operating a surgical microscope, thesurgical microscope including at least one camera having a field ofview, a support for the at least one camera, the support including atleast one actuator for positioning the at least one camera relative toan object, and a display configured to display images recorded by the atleast one camera, the method comprising: detecting an amount of movementof a body portion of a user; determining an amount of movement of the atleast one camera based on the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user; and moving the at least one camera by thedetermined amount of movement of the at least one camera, wherein thedetermined amount of movement of the at least one camera includes anamount of translatory movement in a direction transverse to a lineconnecting the at least one camera and the field of view, and whereinthe determining of the amount of movement of the at least one camera isperformed such that: (1) the amount of translatory movement of the atleast one camera is a first determined amount when a magnification of animage of the object within the field of view of the at least one cameradisplayed on the display is a first magnification, a distance of thebody portion of the user from the display is a first body portiondistance, a distance of the at least one camera from the field of viewof the at least one camera is a first camera distance, and a detectedamount of movement of the body portion of the user in a directionparallel to the display is a given detected amount, (2) the amount oftranslatory movement of the at least one camera is a second determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is a second magnificationlarger than the first magnification, the distance of the body portion ofthe user from the display is the first body portion distance, thedistance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is the first camera distance, and the detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user in the direction parallel tothe display is the given detected amount, (3) the amount of translatorymovement of the at least one camera is a third determined amount whichis smaller than the first determined amount when the magnification ofthe image of the object within the field of view of the at least onecamera displayed on the display is the first magnification, the distanceof the body portion of the user from the display is a second bodyportion distance which is smaller than the first body portion distance,the distance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is the first camera distance, and the detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user in the direction parallel tothe display is the given detected amount, and (4) the amount oftranslatory movement of the at least one camera is a fourth determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is a second cameradistance which is smaller than the first camera distance, and thedetected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection parallel to the display is the given detected amount.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the moving of the at least one camera by thedetermined amount of movement includes to maintain an orientation of theat least one camera constant while moving of the at least one camera bythe amount of translatory movement.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe determined amount of movement of the at least one camera includes anamount of rotatory movement of the at least one camera, and wherein thedetermining of the amount of movement of the at least one camera isfurther performed such that a portion of the object located within thefield of view of the at least one camera before the moving of the atleast one camera by the determined amount of movement is also locatedwithin the field of view of the at least one camera when the moving ofthe at least one camera by the determined amount of movement iscompleted.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising detecting astart command, wherein the moving of the at least one camera by thedetermined amount of movement of the at least one camera is performedonly after the start command has been detected.
 5. The method of claim4, wherein the start command includes at least one of a voice commandissued by the user, an operation of a button performed by the user, anda gesture of the user.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprisingdetecting a stop command, wherein the moving of the at least one camerais performed only until the stop command has been detected.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the stop command includes at least one of avoice command issued by the user, an operation of a button performed bythe user, and a gesture of the user.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinthe detecting of the amount of movement of the body portion of the userincludes at least one of detecting an amount of movement of a head ofthe user, detecting an amount of movement of a chest of the user, anddetecting an amount of movement of a shoulder of the user.
 9. The methodof claim 1, wherein the at least one camera is a stereo camera.
 10. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the at least one camera includes two cameras.11. The method of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to displaystereoscopic images.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the display isa head-mounted display.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the displaycomprises a pair of glasses wearable by a user and alternatinglytransmitting light to the left and right eyes of the user.
 14. A methodof operating a surgical microscope, the surgical microscope including atleast one camera having a field of view, a support for the at least onecamera, the support including at least one actuator for positioning theat least one camera relative to an object, and a display configured todisplay images recorded by the at least one camera, the methodcomprising: detecting an amount of movement of a body portion of a user;determining an amount of movement of the at least one camera based onthe detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user; andmoving the at least one camera by the determined amount of movement ofthe at least one camera, wherein the determined amount of movement ofthe at least one camera includes an amount of rotatory movement of theat least one camera, and wherein the determining of the amount ofmovement of the at least one camera is performed such that: (1) theamount of the rotatory movement of the at least one camera is a firstdetermined amount when a magnification of an image of the object withinthe field of view of the at least one camera displayed on the display isa first magnification, a distance of the body portion of the user fromthe display is a first body portion distance, a distance of the at leastone camera from the field of view of the at least one camera is a firstcamera distance, and an amount of rotatory movement of the body portionof the user is a given detected amount, (2) the amount of rotatorymovement of the at least one camera is a second determined amount whichis smaller than the first determined amount when the magnification ofthe image of the object within the field of view of the at least onecamera displayed on the display is a second magnification larger thanthe first magnification, the distance of the body portion of the userfrom the display is the first body portion distance, the distance of theat least one camera from the field of view of the at least one camera isthe first camera distance, and the amount of the rotatory movement ofthe body portion of the user is the given detected amount, (3) theamount of rotatory movement of the at least one camera is a thirddetermined amount which is smaller than the first determined amount whenthe magnification of the image of the object within the field of view ofthe at least one camera displayed on the display is the firstmagnification, the distance of the body portion of the user from thedisplay is a second body portion distance which is smaller than thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is the first cameradistance, and the amount of the rotatory movement of the body portion ofthe user is the given detected amount, and (4) the amount of therotatory movement of the at least one camera is a fourth determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is a second cameradistance which is smaller than the first camera distance, and the amountof the rotatory movement of the body portion of the user is the givendetected amount.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining ofthe amount of movement of the at least one camera is further performedsuch that a portion of the object located within the field of view ofthe at least one camera before the moving of the at least one camera bythe determined amount of movement is also located within the field ofview of the at least one camera when the moving of the at least onecamera by the determined amount of movement is completed.
 16. The methodof claim 14, further comprising detecting a start command, wherein themoving of the at least one camera by the determined amount of movementof the at least one camera is performed only after the start command hasbeen detected.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the start commandincludes at least one of a voice command issued by the user, anoperation of a button performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.18. The method of claim 14, further comprising detecting a stop command,wherein the moving of the at least one camera is performed only untilthe stop command has been detected.
 19. The method of claim 18, whereinthe stop command includes at least one of a voice command issued by theuser, an operation of a button performed by the user, and a gesture ofthe user.
 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the detecting of theamount of movement of the body portion of the user includes at least oneof detecting an amount of movement of a head of the user, detecting anamount of movement of a chest of the user, and detecting an amount ofmovement of a shoulder of the user.
 21. The method of claim 14, whereinthe at least one camera is a stereo camera.
 22. The method of claim 14,wherein the at least one camera includes two cameras.
 23. The method ofclaim 14, wherein the display is configured to display stereoscopicimages.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the display is ahead-mounted display.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the displaycomprises a pair of glasses wearable by a user and alternatinglytransmitting light to the left and right eyes of the user.
 26. A methodof operating a surgical microscope, the surgical microscope including atleast one camera having a zoom lens, a support for the at least onecamera, the support including at least one actuator for positioning theat least one camera relative to an object, and a display configured todisplay images of the object recorded by the at least one camera usingan image magnification, the method comprising: detecting an amount ofmovement of a body portion of a user; determining an amount of change ofthe image magnification based on the detected amount of movement of thebody portion of the user; and changing the image magnification by thedetermined amount of change of the image magnification, wherein thedetermining of the amount of the change of the image magnification isperformed such that: (1) the amount of change of the image magnificationis a first determined amount when a magnification of an image of theobject within a field of view of the at least one camera displayed onthe display is a first magnification, a distance of the body portion ofthe user from the display is a first body portion distance, a distanceof the at least one camera from the field of view of the at least onecamera is a first camera distance, and the detected amount of movementof the body portion of the user in a direction perpendicular to thedisplay is a given detected amount, (2) the amount of change of theimage magnification is a second determined amount which is smaller thanthe first determined amount when the magnification of the image of theobject within the field of view of the at least one camera displayed onthe display is a second magnification larger than the firstmagnification, the distance of the body portion of the user from thedisplay is the first body portion distance, the distance of the at leastone camera from the field of view of the at least one camera is thefirst camera distance, and the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user in the direction perpendicular to the display is thegiven detected amount, (3) the amount of change of the imagemagnification is a third determined amount which is smaller than thefirst determined amount when the magnification of the image of theobject within the field of view of the at least one camera displayed onthe display is the first magnification, the distance of the body portionof the user from the display is a second body portion distance which issmaller than the first body portion distance, the distance of the atleast one camera from the field of view of the at least one camera isthe first camera distance, and the detected amount of movement of thebody portion of the user in the direction perpendicular to the displayis the given detected amount, and (4) the amount of change of the imagemagnification is a fourth determined amount which is smaller than thefirst determined amount when the magnification of the image of theobject within the field of view of the at least one camera displayed onthe display is the first magnification, the distance of the body portionof the user from the display is the first body portion distance, thedistance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is a second camera distance which is smaller than thefirst camera distance, and the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user in the direction perpendicular to the display is thegiven detected amount.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the amount ofchange of the image magnification is an increase of the imagemagnification, and wherein the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user in the direction perpendicular to the displayincludes a detected amount of movement of the body portion of the usertowards the display.
 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the amount ofchange of the image magnification is a decrease of the imagemagnification, and wherein the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user in the direction perpendicular to the displayincludes a detected amount of movement of the body portion of the useraway from the display.
 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the amount ofchange of the image magnification is an increase of the imagemagnification, and wherein the changing of the image magnificationincludes at least one of moving the at least one camera towards theobject and increasing the magnification of the zoom lens of the at leastone camera.
 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the amount of change ofthe image magnification is a decrease of the image magnification, andwherein the changing of the image magnification includes at least one ofmoving the at least one camera away from the object and decreasing themagnification of the zoom lens of the at least one camera.
 31. Themethod of claim 26, further comprising detecting a start command,wherein the changing of the image magnification by the determined amountof change of the image magnification is performed only after the startcommand has been detected.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the startcommand includes at least one of a voice command issued by the user, anoperation of a button performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.33. The method of claim 26, further comprising detecting a stop command,wherein the changing of the image magnification by the determined amountof change of the image magnification is performed only until the stopcommand has been detected.
 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the stopcommand includes at least one of a voice command issued by the user, anoperation of a button performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.35. The method of claim 26, wherein the detecting of the amount ofmovement of the body portion of the user includes at least one ofdetecting an amount of movement of a head of the user, detecting anamount of movement of a chest of the user, and detecting an amount ofmovement of a shoulder of the user.
 36. The method of claim 26, whereinthe at least one camera is a stereo camera.
 37. The method of claim 26,wherein the at least one camera includes two cameras.
 38. The method ofclaim 26, wherein the display is configured to display stereoscopicimages.
 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the display is ahead-mounted display.
 40. The method of claim 38, wherein the displaycomprises a pair of glasses wearable by a user and alternatinglytransmitting light to the left and right eyes of the user.
 41. Asurgical microscope comprising: at least one camera having a field ofview; a support for the at least one camera, the support including atleast one actuator, configured to position the at least one camerarelative to an object; a display configured to display images recordedby the at least one camera; and a controller configured to control thesurgical microscope in order to: detect an amount of movement of a bodyportion of a user; determine an amount of movement of the at least onecamera based on the detected amount of movement of the body portion ofthe user; and move the at least one camera by the determined amount ofmovement of the at least one camera, wherein the determined amount ofmovement of the at least one camera includes an amount of translatorymovement in a direction transverse to a line connecting the at least onecamera and the field of view, and wherein the determining of the amountof movement of the at least one camera is performed such that: (1) theamount of translatory movement of the at least one camera is a firstdetermined amount when a magnification of an image of the object withinthe field of view of the at least one camera displayed on the display isa first magnification, a distance of the body portion of the user fromthe display is a first body portion distance, a distance of the at leastone camera from the field of view of the at least one camera is a firstcamera distance, and a detected amount of movement of the body portionof the user in a direction parallel to the display is a given detectedamount, (2) the amount of translatory movement of the at least onecamera is a second determined amount which is smaller than the firstdetermined amount when the magnification of the image of the objectwithin the field of view of the at least one camera displayed on thedisplay is a second magnification larger than the first magnification,the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is the first cameradistance, and the detected amount of movement of the body portion of theuser in the direction parallel to the display is the given detectedamount, (3) the amount of translatory movement of the at least onecamera is a third determined amount which is smaller than the firstdetermined amount when the magnification of the image of the objectwithin the field of view of the at least one camera displayed on thedisplay is the first magnification, the distance of the body portion ofthe user from the display is a second body portion distance which issmaller than the first body portion distance, the distance of the atleast one camera from the field of view of the at least one camera isthe first camera distance, and the detected amount of movement of thebody portion of the user in the direction parallel to the display is thegiven detected amount, and (4) the amount of translatory movement of theat least one camera is a fourth determined amount which is smaller thanthe first determined amount when the magnification of the image of theobject within the field of view of the at least one camera displayed onthe display is the first magnification, the distance of the body portionof the user from the display is the first body portion distance, thedistance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is a second camera distance which is smaller than thefirst camera distance, and the detected amount of movement of the bodyportion of the user in the direction parallel to the display is thegiven detected amount.
 42. The surgical microscope of claim 41, whereinthe controller is configured to maintain an orientation of the at leastone camera constant while moving of the at least one camera by theamount of translatory movement.
 43. The surgical microscope of claim 41,wherein the determined amount of movement of the at least one cameraincludes an amount of rotatory movement of the at least one camera, andwherein the controller is configured to determine the amount of themovement of the at least one camera such that a portion of the objectlocated within the field of view of the at least one camera before themoving of the at least one camera by the determined amount of movementis also located within the field of view of the at least one camera whenthe moving of the at least one camera by the determined amount ofmovement is completed.
 44. The surgical microscope of claim 41, whereinthe controller is configured to detect a start command, and to move theat least one camera by the determined amount of movement of the at leastone camera only after the start command has been detected; and whereinthe start command includes at least one of a voice command issued by theuser, an operation of a button performed by the user, and a gesture ofthe user.
 45. The surgical microscope of claim 41, wherein thecontroller is configured to detect a stop command, and to move of the atleast one camera only until the stop command has been detected, andwherein the stop command includes at least one of a voice command issuedby the user, an operation of a button performed by the user, and agesture of the user.
 46. The surgical microscope of claim 41, whereinthe controller is further configured to detect at least one of an amountof movement of a head of the user, an amount of movement of a chest ofthe user, and an amount of movement of a shoulder of the user.
 47. Thesurgical microscope of claim 41, wherein the at least one camera is astereo camera.
 48. The surgical microscope of claim 41, wherein the atleast one camera includes two cameras.
 49. The surgical microscope ofclaim 41, wherein the display is configured to display stereoscopicimages.
 50. The surgical microscope of claim 49, wherein the display isa head-mounted display.
 51. The surgical microscope of claim 49, whereinthe display comprises a pair of glasses wearable by a user andalternatingly transmitting light to the left and right eyes of the user.52. A surgical microscope comprising: at least one camera having a fieldof view; a support for the at least one camera, the support including atleast one actuator, configured to position the at least one camerarelative to an object; a display configured to display images recordedby the at least one camera; and a controller configured to control thesurgical microscope in order to: detect an amount of movement of a bodyportion of a user; determine an amount of movement of the at least onecamera based on the detected amount of movement of the body portion ofthe user; and move the at least one camera by the determined amount ofmovement of the at least one camera, wherein the determined amount ofmovement of the at least one camera includes an amount of rotatorymovement of the at least one camera, and wherein the determining of theamount of movement of the at least one camera is performed such that:(1) the amount of the rotatory movement of the at least one camera is afirst determined amount when a magnification of an image of the objectwithin the field of view of the at least one camera displayed on thedisplay is a first magnification, a distance of the body portion of theuser from the display is a first body portion distance, a distance ofthe at least one camera from the field of view of the at least onecamera is a first camera distance, and an amount of rotatory movement ofthe body portion of the user is a given detected amount, (2) the amountof rotatory movement of the at least one camera is a second determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is a second magnificationlarger than the first magnification, the distance of the body portion ofthe user from the display is the first body portion distance, thedistance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is the first camera distance, and the amount of therotatory movement of the body portion of the user is the given detectedamount, (3) the amount of rotatory movement of the at least one camerais a third determined amount which is smaller than the first determinedamount when the magnification of the image of the object within thefield of view of the at least one camera displayed on the display is thefirst magnification, the distance of the body portion of the user fromthe display is a second body portion distance which is smaller than thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is the first cameradistance, and the amount of the rotatory movement of the body portion ofthe user is the given detected amount, and (4) the amount of therotatory movement of the at least one camera is a fourth determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is a second cameradistance which is smaller than the first camera distance, and the amountof the rotatory movement of the body portion of the user is the givendetected amount.
 53. The surgical microscope of claim 52, wherein thecontroller is configured to determine the amount of movement of the atleast one camera such that a portion of the object located within thefield of view of the at least one camera before the moving of the atleast one camera by the determined amount of movement is also locatedwithin the field of view of the at least one camera when the moving ofthe at least one camera by the determined amount of movement iscompleted.
 54. The surgical microscope of claim 52, wherein thecontroller is further configured to detect a start command and to movethe at least one camera by the determined amount of movement of the atleast one camera only after the start command has been detected, andwherein the start command includes at least one of a voice commandissued by the user, an operation of a button performed by the user, anda gesture of the user.
 55. The surgical microscope of claim 52, whereinthe controller is further configured to detect a stop command and tomove of the at least one camera by the determined amount of movement ofthe at least one camera only until the stop command has been detected,and wherein the stop command includes at least one of a voice commandissued by the user, an operation of a button performed by the user, anda gesture of the user.
 56. The surgical microscope of claim 52, whereinthe controller is further configured to detect at least one of an amountof movement of a head of the user, an amount of movement of a chest ofthe user, and an amount of movement of a shoulder of the user.
 57. Thesurgical microscope of claim 52, wherein the at least one camera is astereo camera.
 58. The surgical microscope of claim 52, wherein the atleast one camera includes two cameras.
 59. The surgical microscope ofclaim 52, wherein the display is configured to display stereoscopicimages.
 60. The surgical microscope of claim 59, wherein the display isa head-mounted display.
 61. The surgical microscope of claim 59, whereinthe display comprises a pair of glasses wearable by a user andalternatingly transmitting light to the left and right eyes of the user.62. A surgical microscope comprising: at least one camera having a fieldof view; a support for the at least one camera, the support including atleast one actuator, configured to position the at least one camerarelative to an object; a display configured to display images recordedby the at least one camera using an image magnification; and acontroller configured to control the surgical microscope in order to:detect an amount of movement of a body portion of a user; determine anamount of change of the image magnification based on the detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user; and change the imagemagnification by the determined amount of change of the imagemagnification, wherein the determining of the amount of the change ofthe image magnification is performed such that: (1) the amount of changeof the image magnification is a first determined amount when amagnification of an image of the object within a field of view of the atleast one camera displayed on the display is a first magnification, adistance of the body portion of the user from the display is a firstbody portion distance, a distance of the at least one camera from thefield of view of the at least one camera is a first camera distance, andthe detected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in adirection perpendicular to the display is a given detected amount, (2)the amount of change of the image magnification is a second determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is a second magnificationlarger than the first magnification, the distance of the body portion ofthe user from the display is the first body portion distance, thedistance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is the first camera distance, and the detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user in the directionperpendicular to the display is the given detected amount, (3) theamount of change of the image magnification is a third determined amountwhich is smaller than the first determined amount when the magnificationof the image of the object within the field of view of the at least onecamera displayed on the display is the first magnification, the distanceof the body portion of the user from the display is a second bodyportion distance which is smaller than the first body portion distance,the distance of the at least one camera from the field of view of the atleast one camera is the first camera distance, and the detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user in the directionperpendicular to the display is the given detected amount, and (4) theamount of change of the image magnification is a fourth determinedamount which is smaller than the first determined amount when themagnification of the image of the object within the field of view of theat least one camera displayed on the display is the first magnification,the distance of the body portion of the user from the display is thefirst body portion distance, the distance of the at least one camerafrom the field of view of the at least one camera is a second cameradistance which is smaller than the first camera distance, and thedetected amount of movement of the body portion of the user in thedirection perpendicular to the display is the given detected amount. 63.The surgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the amount of change of theimage magnification is an increase of the image magnification, andwherein the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the userin the direction perpendicular to the display includes a detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user towards the display.
 64. Thesurgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the amount of change of theimage magnification is a decrease of the image magnification, andwherein the detected amount of movement of the body portion of the userin the direction perpendicular to the display includes a detected amountof movement of the body portion of the user away from the display. 65.The surgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the amount of change of theimage magnification is an increase of the image magnification, andwherein the changing of the image magnification includes at least one ofmoving the at least one camera towards the object and increasing themagnification of the zoom lens of the at least one camera.
 66. Thesurgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the amount of change of theimage magnification is a decrease of the image magnification, andwherein the changing of the image magnification includes at least one ofmoving the at least one camera away from the object and decreasing themagnification of the zoom lens of the at least one camera.
 67. Thesurgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the controller is configured todetect a start command, and to change the image magnification by thedetermined amount of change of the image magnification only after thestart command has been detected, and wherein the start command includesat least one of a voice command issued by the user, an operation of abutton performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.
 68. Thesurgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the controller is configured todetect a stop command, and to change the image magnification by thedetermined amount of change of the image magnification only until thestop command has been detected, and wherein the stop command includes atleast one of a voice command issued by the user, an operation of abutton performed by the user, and a gesture of the user.
 69. Thesurgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the controller is configured todetect at least one of an amount of movement of a head of the user, anamount of movement of a chest of the user, and an amount of movement ofa shoulder of the user.
 70. The surgical microscope of claim 62, whereinthe at least one camera is a stereo camera.
 71. The surgical microscopeof claim 62, wherein the at least one camera includes two cameras. 72.The surgical microscope of claim 62, wherein the display is configuredto display stereoscopic images.
 73. The surgical microscope of claim 72,wherein the display is a head-mounted display.
 74. The surgicalmicroscope of claim 72, wherein the display comprises a pair of glasseswearable by a user and alternatingly transmitting light to the left andright eyes of the user.